23 March 2023, New York, NY According to new data released today by the ADL, antisemitic incidents soared to historic levels in 2022, with a total of 3,697 occurrences reported across the United States, an increase of 36% from 2021, which was also a record-setting year (the Anti-Defamation League).
The ADL Audit of Antisemitic Incidents discovered an increase in hate and vitriol aimed at the American Jewish community over the previous five years, with an average of 10 incidents per day in 2022—the most significant level antisemitic activity since the ADL began keeping data in 1979. The year-end total has surpassed all previous records three times in the last five years.
The ADL Center on Extremism, which prepares the yearly Audit, reports rises in each of the following categories: When compared to 2021, harassment incidents increased by 29%, vandalism by 51%, and violent assaults by 26%.
Notably, the survey discovered a doubling in activity by organized white supremacist groups, who were accountable for 852 occurrences of antisemitic propaganda distribution last year, up from the 422 incidents of propaganda ascribed to these groups in 2021.
“We’re deeply disturbed by this dramatic and completely unacceptable surge in antisemitic incidents. While we can’t point to any single factor or ideology driving this increase, the surges in organized white supremacist propaganda activity, brazen attacks on Orthodox Jews, a rapid escalation of bomb threats toward Jewish institutions and significant increases of incidents in schools and on college campuses all contributed to the unusually high number,” said Jonathan Greenblatt, ADL CEO, and National Director. “This data confirms what Jewish communities across the country have felt and seen firsthand – and corresponds with the rise in antisemitic attitudes. From white nationalists to religious fanatics to radical anti-Zionists, Jewish people see a range of very real threats. It’s time to stop the surge of hate once and for all.”
Major Findings
ADL recorded instances of anti-Semitism in 2022 across all 50 states and the District of Columbia. The incidents are divided into three categories by the Audit:
Assaults: 111 incidences were classified as assaults, which are defined as instances in which Jews (or those who are considered to be Jews) were the target of physical violence coupled with antisemitic animus.
In comparison to 2021, this represented an increase of 26%. An additional 139 people, or 6% more, were assault victims. There was only one death. Four anti-Semitic attacks included allusions to Israel or Zionism by the perpetrators.
Orthodox Jews were disproportionately targeted, making up 53% of assault instances nationwide. Orthodox Jews are often easier to identify than other Jews.
Harassment: 2,298 events were classified as harassment, which is defined as when one or more Jews (or those who were considered to be Jews) were subjected to antisemitic epithets, stereotypes, or conspiracies. From 1,776 instances in 2021, there was a 29 percent increase in harassment.
Vandalism: Vandalism, defined as occurrences where the property was damaged and there was proof of antisemitic intent or that the harm hurt Jews, was applied to 1,288 incidents.
Vandalism motivated by anti-Semitism increased by 51% from the 853 occurrences reported in 2021. 792 of these events involved swaggers, typically seen as emblems of antisemitic hostility, a 37% increase from the previous year.
New York (580), California (518), New Jersey (408), Florida (269), and Texas were the states with the most instances (211). These five states collectively accounted for 54% of all incidents.
Compared to 525 events in 2021, 589 incidents targeted Jewish institutions such as synagogues, Jewish community centers, and Jewish schools.
This includes the January hostage situation at a temple in Colleyville, Texas, which was put an end to without any casualties and resulted in the death of the British hostage-taker, an alleged ISIS propaganda-inspired Islamist fanatic. 91 bomb threats were made against Jewish institutions, an exceptionally high figure and the most since 2017.
In 2022, there were 219 anti-Semitic incidents reported at more than 130 universities across the nation, a 41 percent rise from the previous year. 494 incidences, a 49 percent increase, were reported in K–12 non–Jewish schools.
“It’s deeply troubling that there was such a sharp increase in school- and college-based antisemitic acts,” said Greenblatt. “This is a reminder of the need for more targeted education efforts aimed at rooting out hate and teaching acceptance. Holocaust education is increasingly important, which is why we are advocating for the passage of state laws mandating Holocaust education so schools are equipped to teach that history and ensure its lessons endure.”
Anti-Zionism
In 2022, there were 241 antisemitic events linked to criticism of Israel or Zionism, representing 6.5 percent of all incidents. This is more than the 178 reported events in 2020, but it is down from the 345 recorded incidents in 2021, which were exceptionally high due to incidents connected to the Israel-Gaza war in May.
70 occurrences, up 19% from 2021, were most frequently connected to hostile anti-Israel organizations such as Voice for Peace and Students for Justice in Palestine. 69 of the occurrences involved instances of harassment.
During one protest organized by the group Within Our Lifetime, a Jewish person was physically assaulted by an anti-Israel protester (the attacker later pleaded guilty to hate crime charges.)
Among the 241 anti-Zionist/anti-Israel-related incidents, 36 involved white supremacist organizations using propaganda to incite hatred of Israel and Jews.
“Regardless of where it comes from, anti-Zionism is hateful, especially when it is used to intimidate students on campus,” Greenblatt said. “It is disturbing to continue to see both anti-Zionists on the far left and white supremacists on the far right using similar memes and tropes to spread antisemitism and hate, underscoring the fact that extremists from all sides rely on similar ideas to spread their hate.”
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Mainstreaming of Antisemitism in Popular Culture
These instances had a direct connection to newsworthy events. Hip-hop musician Ye (formerly known as Kanye West), as an illustration of how his highly publicized antisemitic words from the previous year resonated with or encouraged attackers, was explicitly mentioned in 59 occurrences.
Eight instances resulted from extreme Black Hebrew Israelite groups, most notably the issue surrounding basketball player Kyrie Irving.
“In a year when antisemitism found mainstream acceptance like never before, antisemites were emboldened to act on their animus,” said Oren Segal, Vice President of the ADL Center on Extremism. “From the antisemitic ‘Great Replacement’ theory to Ye’s claims about Jewish power, these conspiracies fueled real-world incidents of hate.”
Methodology
The ADL Audit covers harassment and intimidation that are both illegal and lawful, including the dissemination of hate speech, threats, and derogatory language, as well as vandalism and assault.
The Audit, assembled using data submitted by victims, law enforcement, and community leaders and assessed by ADL’s professional staff, offers a regular overview of one particular facet of a national issue while spotting potential patterns or changes in the sorts of reported behavior.
This data aids ADL in creating and improving its initiatives to combat and stop the spread of hate, including antisemitism.
Using ADL’s H.E.A.T. Map, an interactive web tool that enables users to geographically chart antisemitic occurrences and extremist activities, users can get the complete dataset for antisemitic incidents for 2016–2022.
The Audit provides a snapshot of how American Jews experience antisemitism, but other types of analysis are necessary to fully comprehend antisemitism in the United States.
These different types of research include public opinion polling, evaluations of online antisemitism, and investigations of extremist activity. All of these are services that the ADL provides in other reports, such as the ADL Survey of American Attitudes Toward Jews, Survey on Jewish Americans’ Experiences with Antisemitism
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For almost 4 years, Jason Martin has been a freelance writer for newspapers, journals, blogs, books, and online material. He covers the most recent news as well as many other topics.